Abanye babakhiqizi bamaloli abakhulu kakhulu ezweni ngoLwesine bathembise ukuyeka ukuthengisa izimoto ezintsha ezisebenzisa uphethiloli eCalifornia maphakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo, okuyingxenye yesivumelwano nabalawuli besifundazwe esihlose ukuvimbela amacala asongela ukulibazisa noma ukuvimba amazinga okukhishwa kwegesi esifundazweni. ICalifornia izama ukuqeda uphethiloli, idlulisa imithetho emisha eminyakeni yamuva nje yokuqeda izimoto ezisebenzisa uphethiloli, amaloli, izitimela kanye nemishini yotshani esifundazweni esinabantu abaningi kakhulu ezweni.
Kuzothatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba yonke leyo mithetho iqale ukusebenza ngokugcwele. Kodwa kakade ezinye izimboni ziyahlehla. Ngenyanga edlule, imboni yezitimela yamangalela iBhodi Yezinsizakusebenza Zezindiza zaseCalifornia ukuze ivimbele imithetho emisha ezovimbela izitimela ezindala futhi idinge izinkampani ukuthi zithenge imishini engenawo ugesi.
Isimemezelo sangoLwesine sisho ukuthi amacala awakwazi ukulibazisa imithetho efanayo embonini yamaloli. Izinkampani zivumile ukulandela imithetho yaseCalifornia, ehlanganisa ukuvimbela ukuthengiswa kwamaloli amasha asebenzisa uphethiloli ngo-2036. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abalawuli baseCalifornia bavumile ukukhulula ezinye zezindinganiso zabo zokukhishwa kwegesi kumaloli edizili. Uhulumeni uvumile ukusebenzisa indinganiso kahulumeni yokukhishwa kwegesi kusukela ngo-2027, okuphansi kunalokho obekuyoba yimithetho yaseCalifornia.
Abalawuli baseCalifornia nabo bavumile ukuvumela lezi zinkampani ukuthi ziqhubeke nokuthengisa izinjini zikadizili ezindala eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, kodwa kuphela uma bethengisa nezimoto ezingenayo igesi ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi okuvela kulawo malori amadala.
Lesi sivumelwano siphinde sivule indlela yokuthi ezinye izifundazwe zamukele izindinganiso ezifanayo zaseCalifornia ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuthi imithetho izolandelwa yini enkantolo, kusho uSteven Cliff, isikhulu esiphezulu seCalifornia Air Resources Board. Lokho kusho ukuthi amaloli amaningi ezweni lonke azolandela le mithetho. UCliff uthe cishe amamayela angu-60 ezimoto zamaloli ahanjwa eCalifornia avela emalolini afika evela kwezinye izifundazwe. “Ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu kubeka isisekelo sohlaka lukazwelonke lwamaloli angenayo igesi,” kusho uCliff. “Kungumthetho oqinile waseCalifornia kuphela, noma umthetho kazwelonke ongaqinile kangako. Sisanqoba esimweni sikazwelonke.”
Lesi sivumelwano sihlanganisa ezinye zezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu zamaloli emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa iCummins Inc., iDaimler Truck North America, iFord Motor Company, iGeneral Motors Company, iHino Motors Limited Inc, i-Isuzu Technical Center of American Inc., iNavistar Inc, iPaccar Inc., iStellantis NV, kanye neVolvo Group North America. Lesi sivumelwano sihlanganisa neTruck and Engine Manufacturing Association.
“Lesi sivumelwano senza kube nokuqiniseka kokulawula sonke esikudingayo ukuze silungiselele ikusasa elizohlanganisa ukwanda okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obukhipha ukungcola okuphansi nokungekho,” kusho uMichael Noonan, umqondisi wokuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho we-Navistar.
Amaloli amakhulu njengemishini emikhulu namabhasi asebenzisa izinjini zikadizili, ezinamandla kakhulu kunezinjini zikaphethiloli kodwa futhi akhiqiza ukungcola okuningi. ICalifornia inamaloli amaningi athwala imithwalo eya futhi ibuya emachwebeni aseLos Angeles naseLong Beach, amabili amachweba amatasa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Nakuba la malori akha u-3% wezimoto emgwaqweni, akha ngaphezu kwengxenye yama-nitrogen oxides kanye nokungcola kwe-diesel okunezinhlayiya ezincane, ngokusho kwebhodi le-California Air Resources. Kube nomthelela omkhulu emadolobheni aseCalifornia. Emadolobheni ayi-10 aphezulu angcoliswe kakhulu yi-ozone e-US, ayisithupha aseCalifornia, ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association.
UMariela Ruacho, umphathi wokuvikela umoya ohlanzekile we-American Lung Association, uthe lesi sivumelwano "siyizindaba ezinhle" ezibonisa ukuthi iCalifornia ingumholi uma kukhulunywa ngomoya ohlanzekile." Kodwa uRuacho uthe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi lesi sivumelwano sizoshintsha kanjani izilinganiso zezinzuzo zezempilo zabantu baseCalifornia. Abalawuli bemithetho abamukelwe ngo-Ephreli bafaka imali elinganiselwa ku-$26.6 billion yokonga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kusukela ekuhlaselweni okuncane kwe-asthma, ukuvakashelwa kwamagumbi okuphuthumayo kanye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula.
“Sifuna ngempela ukubona ukuhlaziywa kokuthi kuzokwenzekani uma kukhona ukulahleka kokukhishwa kwegesi nokuthi lokho kusho ukuthini ngezinzuzo zezempilo,” kusho yena. UCliff uthe abalawuli basebenza ukuvuselela lezo zilinganiso zezempilo. Kodwa waphawula ukuthi lezo zilinganiso zazisekelwe ekuvinjelweni kokuthengiswa kwamaloli amasha asebenzisa uphethiloli ngo-2036 - umthetho osasebenza. “Sithola zonke izinzuzo ebezizoba khona,” esho. “Empeleni sivala lokho.”
ICalifornia isifinyelele izivumelwano ezifanayo esikhathini esidlule. Ngo-2019, abakhiqizi bezimoto abane abakhulu bavumile ukuqinisa amazinga okusetshenziswa kwegesi kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-12-2023
